A recent report has brought renewed attention to a long-standing yet controversial cultural practice: cousin marriages among British Pakistanis. According to the findings, approximately 37% of British Pakistanis marry their first or second cousins, reigniting debates around health risks, cultural identity, and integration within UK society.
But why is this practice so common in the Pakistani diaspora—and why is it becoming a national issue in Britain?
Understanding the Cultural Context
In many parts of South Asia and the Middle East, cousin marriages (especially between first cousins) have been socially accepted—and often encouraged—for generations. The reasons are both practical and traditional:
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Family cohesion and trust
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Preserving property and wealth within the family
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Better compatibility due to shared backgrounds
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Arranged marriage systems preferring known individuals
For many Pakistani families in Britain, migrating did not mean abandoning tradition. Cousin marriage remains a common custom, especially among those with rural roots from Punjab, Mirpur (Azad Kashmir), and other regions.
The Statistics: A Closer Look
The 37% figure, cited in several demographic and health studies, points to a significantly higher rate of cousin marriages among British Pakistanis compared to the general population.
| Ethnic Group in the UK | Cousin Marriage Rate |
|---|---|
| British Pakistanis | ~37% |
| General UK population | <1% |
| Other South Asian communities | 10–20% (varies) |
These numbers have sparked concern in both public health sectors and social policy circles.
The Medical Concerns
One of the key criticisms of cousin marriages is the increased risk of genetic disorders, especially in children born to closely related parents. Health experts warn of:
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Higher risk of inherited diseases like thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, and certain metabolic disorders
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Increased infant mortality and birth defects in some cases
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Difficulty in identifying carriers in closely related families
The NHS (National Health Service) in the UK has conducted multiple studies and awareness programs, especially in Bradford, Birmingham, and parts of London, to educate communities about these risks.
Community Response: Divided Views
The Pakistani community in the UK is not monolithic. While many still support cousin marriages as a cultural right, others—especially younger generations—are beginning to question the practice.
Supporters argue:
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It’s a deep-rooted tradition not unique to Pakistan
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Criticism often borders on cultural bias or racism
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Medical risks are often exaggerated or manageable with genetic screening
Critics say:
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Children should not be put at avoidable health risk
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It hampers broader social integration
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Cultural evolution is necessary in a modern, diverse society
Legal Status in the UK
Contrary to some misconceptions, cousin marriage is legal in the UK. There is no law prohibiting marriage between first cousins. However, some politicians and public figures have called for:
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Better public health policies on genetic counseling
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Educational campaigns, not legal bans
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Avoiding stigmatization while encouraging informed choices
International Perspective: Not Just a Pakistani Issue
Cousin marriage is not exclusive to Pakistanis or Muslims. In fact:
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Over 20% of the world’s population lives in regions where cousin marriage is common
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Royal families in Europe historically practiced cousin marriage
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It is still prevalent in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America
What makes the Pakistani community in Britain unique is the scale and the concentration in certain urban areas, making it more visible and subject to public scrutiny.
The Way Forward: Awareness, Not Stigma
Rather than promoting bans or cultural shaming, experts recommend:
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Voluntary genetic counseling programs for families
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Culturally sensitive educational outreach
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Open conversations between religious leaders, community elders, and youth
The goal should be to balance tradition with informed choice, allowing families to make decisions based on both faith and science.
Conclusion: A Complex Issue Needing Nuanced Dialogue
The debate around cousin marriages among British Pakistanis is more than just about relationships—it’s about identity, integration, and intergenerational values. While medical concerns are real, so too are the cultural complexities.
As Britain continues to evolve as a multicultural society, the focus should be on inclusive dialogue, respectful education, and healthcare access—not blanket judgments or stereotypes.
